{"id":119,"date":"2023-12-21T15:33:40","date_gmt":"2023-12-21T14:33:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/?page_id=119"},"modified":"2026-06-17T17:20:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T15:20:25","slug":"prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/","title":{"rendered":"PRIN PROJECT (CLIWEP) – Unipi research unit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Climbing the Waste Hierarchy: enabling factors and policies, CLIWEP<\/strong> – CUP N.I53D23002730006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \u201cwaste hierarchy\u201d (WH) is a cornerstone of European environmental policy. First established in Dir. 2008\/98, it affirms that waste should be managed following a priority ladder in such a way to maximize the recovery of resources and minimize dissipative disposal techniques. Landfilling is the least desirable solution, followed by energy recovery, material recovery, recycling, reuse, prevention.
WH is a requirement that all member states must achieve; within the targets set by the EU, to be achieved in each MS, there are significant degrees of flexibility left for MS initiative, especially regarding the upper steps of the ladder.
A starting point of the research consists in recognizing that implementing the WH, albeit desirable from a societal viewpoint, at least as a medium-long term target, encounters obstacles in the short term that may act as a deterrent to action and engagement at the individual and firm level. These obstacles result in a lack of proper incentives to mobilize resources, and may arise from technological lock-in, market power of incumbents, normative constraints, transactions costs.
Moreover, there is a lack of a comprehensive evaluation framework that is able to encompass the whole WH.
While it is relatively simple to identify indicators that measure the degree of fulfilment of each specific step of the ladder. For example, the last step (landfilling) should be minimized, and it is straightforward to use landfill diversion as an indicator of success. It is more difficult to understand how the different steps interact with each other.
Using the EU Waste Hierarchy as a tool to analyse both the actual state of the implementation of existing rules and policies at both macro and micro level and its expected evolution, this project aims to:
\u2022identify and apply effective performance indicators to measure the compliance of countries, municipalities, and waste utilities to WH, using state-of-the-art methods for performance assessment and policy evaluation.
\u2022Understand trade-offs among different steps of the ladder, i.e., understand the systemic relations across the whole management system of material throughputs and identify cases in which optimizing a single step of the ladder may prevent optimizing other scales
\u2022provide an integrated economic analysis of the enabling factors (regulatory instruments and performance indicators, value chains creation and development etc) and existing bottlenecks (lacks of incentives for reduction, reuse, and recycling, normative constraints etc), regarding the waste management and its role in the effective transition towards the CE.
\u2022identify best practices, governance models, regulatory tools, and policy actions and designs to provide policymakers support to define future country-, municipal-, and firm-level strategies to effectively implement the EUWH to realize the CE transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paper published<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Romano G. (a cura di) (2025), Gerarchia dei rifiuti in azione. Modelli italiani ed europei per un futuro sostenibile, FrancoAngeli – open access online e a stampa – link <\/a>Gerarchia dei Rifiuti in Azione<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Romano G. (a cura di) (2025), Waste Hierarchy in Action. Italian and European Models for a Sustainable Future – – open access online link to download Waste Hierarchy in Action. Italian and European Models for a Sustainable Future | FrancoAngeli Series \u2013 Open Access<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Minoja M., Romano G. (2024), Effective stakeholder governance in circular economy: Insights from Italian companies, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 474, Effective stakeholder governance in circular economy: Insights from Italian companies – ScienceDirect<\/a> (open access)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Masserini L., Romano G. (2026), Full article: The Impact of Mafia-Related Council Dissolutions on Municipal Waste Management in Italy: Evidence from a Panel Event Study<\/a> Statistics and Public Policy, 13(1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. D’Inverno G., Carosi L., Romano G. (2024), Meeting the challenges of the waste hierarchy: A performance evaluation of EU countries, Ecological Indicators, Vol. 160, 111641 Meeting the challenges of the waste hierarchy: A performance evaluation of EU countries – ScienceDirect<\/a> (open access)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Gastaldi M., Lombardi G.V., Rapposelli A., Romano G. (2026), Evaluating Economic and Ecological Efficiency of Italian Waste Management Systems Using Parametric and Non-parametric Methods | Springer Nature Link<\/a>, Springer, Statistical Learning, Sustainability and Impact Evaluation : SIS 2023, Ancona, Italy, June 21\u201323 | SpringerLink<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Conferences<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Carosi L. et al. (2024), EU waste recycling targets: where are we at? A performance evolution assessment, EWEPAXVIII- The 18th European Workshop on Efficiency and Productivity Analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Romano G. (2025), La Stakeholder Governance per Supportare la Transizione Verso l\u2019Economia Circolare: le Esperienze di alcune Aziende Italiane, Economia Circolare e Nuovi Paradigmi di Sviluppo, Universit\u00e0 Parthenope di Napoli (programma<\/a>), Napoli, 13.2.25 file presentazione<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Convegno pubblico \u201cGerarchia dei rifiuti in azione\u201d, 26 settembre 2025<\/strong> al Polo Piagge dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 di Pisa<\/strong>
    Un momento di confronto tra accademia, istituzioni e attori del territorio per discutere politiche e strumenti a supporto dell\u2019economia circolare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Scarica le presentazioni:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Romano<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    D’Inverno<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Durix<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Groppi<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Favoino<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cont\u00f2<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Savelli<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    English version:
    Program-Conference-26.9.25-ENG<\/a>    Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Terza Missione:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Romano G. (2025), Gerarchia dei rifiuti e Economia circolare. Esperienze replicabili per ridurre, riusare e riciclare i rifiuti e la plastica, Cerchio Verde, Lucca per l\u2019Ambiente, Insieme per il Cerchio, Liceo Classico Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli<\/strong>, Lucca, 27.11.25 scarica la presentazione qui<\/a>: http:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/471\/2025\/12\/presentazione-27.11.25-Lucca.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Romano G. (2026), Presentazione del libro Gerarchia dei Rifiuti in Azione, con il patrocinio dell’Assessorato all’Ambiente del Comune di Pesaro<\/strong>, Pesaro, 21.01.26 scarica la presentazione qui<\/a>: http:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/471\/2026\/01\/Presentazione-ppt.pdf <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Comune di Pesaro : A Pesaro la presentazione del volume \u201cGerarchia dei rifiuti in azione\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Climbing the Waste Hierarchy: enabling factors and policies, CLIWEP – CUP N.I53D23002730006 The \u201cwaste hierarchy\u201d (WH) is a cornerstone of European environmental policy. First established in Dir. 2008\/98, it affirms that waste should be managed following a priority ladder in such a way to maximize the recovery of resources and minimize dissipative disposal techniques. Landfilling is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":495,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-119","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"featured_image_src":null,"yoast_head":"\nPRIN PROJECT (CLIWEP) - Unipi research unit - GIULIA ROMANO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PRIN PROJECT (CLIWEP) - Unipi research unit - GIULIA ROMANO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Climbing the Waste Hierarchy: enabling factors and policies, CLIWEP – CUP N.I53D23002730006 The \u201cwaste hierarchy\u201d (WH) is a cornerstone of European environmental policy. First established in Dir. 2008\/98, it affirms that waste should be managed following a priority ladder in such a way to maximize the recovery of resources and minimize dissipative disposal techniques. Landfilling is […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"GIULIA ROMANO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-17T15:20:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/471\/2024\/01\/image.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2042\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"205\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tempo di lettura stimato\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minuti\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\\\/\",\"name\":\"PRIN PROJECT (CLIWEP) - Unipi research unit - GIULIA ROMANO\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/471\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/image-1024x103.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-21T14:33:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-17T15:20:25+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/471\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/image.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/471\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/image.png\",\"width\":2042,\"height\":205},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"PRIN PROJECT (CLIWEP) – Unipi research unit\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/\",\"name\":\"GIULIA ROMANO\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/people.unipi.it\\\/giulia_romano\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"PRIN PROJECT (CLIWEP) - Unipi research unit - GIULIA ROMANO","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/","og_locale":"it_IT","og_type":"article","og_title":"PRIN PROJECT (CLIWEP) - Unipi research unit - GIULIA ROMANO","og_description":"Climbing the Waste Hierarchy: enabling factors and policies, CLIWEP – CUP N.I53D23002730006 The \u201cwaste hierarchy\u201d (WH) is a cornerstone of European environmental policy. First established in Dir. 2008\/98, it affirms that waste should be managed following a priority ladder in such a way to maximize the recovery of resources and minimize dissipative disposal techniques. Landfilling is […]","og_url":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/","og_site_name":"GIULIA ROMANO","article_modified_time":"2026-06-17T15:20:25+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2042,"height":205,"url":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/471\/2024\/01\/image.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Tempo di lettura stimato":"5 minuti"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/","url":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/","name":"PRIN PROJECT (CLIWEP) - Unipi research unit - GIULIA ROMANO","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/471\/2024\/01\/image-1024x103.png","datePublished":"2023-12-21T14:33:40+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-17T15:20:25+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"it-IT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"it-IT","@id":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/471\/2024\/01\/image.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/471\/2024\/01\/image.png","width":2042,"height":205},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/prin-project-climbing-the-waste-hierarchy-enabling-factors-and-policies-cliwep-university-of-pisa-research-unit\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"PRIN PROJECT (CLIWEP) – Unipi research unit"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/#website","url":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/","name":"GIULIA ROMANO","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"it-IT"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/495"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":330,"href":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/119\/revisions\/330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.unipi.it\/giulia_romano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}